The earliest picture in Islam? 20 Sep 2009 Jeb McLeish point me at this one: The Vak-Vak (or Wak Wak) tree is often depicted in Islamic art as having fruit that are the heads of women, men or animals, but never the full body, which grows on a mythical island. Text here describes the tree as growing on the island of Zandj. The tree has lovely women as fruit who are like other women in shape, but if they are broken off of the tree, they die within two days. The John Carter Brown copy has been censored. Ninety percent of the information in this book is from López de Gómara’s Historia de las Indias, and was probably translated and adapted by Emir Mehmet ibn Emir Hasan el-Suudi [?] in 1580. Goodrich identifies this image as the first printed picture in Islam. It is an interesting picture, in that it is clear that the same myths we find in Europe right up until the scientific era are also in the Islamic traditions from which we also get our knowledge of classical science and philosophy. History
Epistemology tautology 1a: corrections 21 Aug 2009 So Gary Nelson reminded me of his paper on “The Two Wallaces” (2009) in which he points out that Wallace used the tautology argument himself, and responded to criticisms as early as 1873. Wallace also used the term “fitness” in a general sense. Read More
Ecology and Biodiversity Konrad Lorenz – a lecture 24 Sep 2009 As I noted before, Paul Griffiths gave a lecture on Konrad Lorenz. The podcast is up now. Sydney Ideas Key Thinkers: Konrad Lorenz Professor Paul Griffiths delivers his 2009 Sydney Ideas Key Thinkers lecture on the remarkable life and legacy of Konrad Lorenz (1903-1989), Austrian zoologist, animal psychologist, ornithologist, and… Read More
Evolution Briefly 16 Feb 2009 I finally have internet – only took Primus three weeks to install and get working my internet and phone – and that was with an existing account and line! Tonight I went to the opening of a Thomas Henry Huxley exhibit at the Macleay Museum, and Michael Ruse gave an… Read More
I wouldn’t mind some more information – for example, which “same myths we find in Europe” are you thinking of? (I can’t think of any that involve women growing on trees.) It would also be nice to have more independent information about this tree, but I’ve done an Internet search myself and there isn’t much (which seems surprising for something said to be “often depicted”, but here’s one link). The text accompanying this image is a grammatical disaster. It tells us that the fruit is “never the whole body” in a caption to a picture in which the fruit is the whole body. (And if this picture is the sole exception, then I have some questions, like whether anything else is unusual about this source.) Moreover, if read carefully it actually tells us that the heads of women, men and animals grow on the tree, whereas the “whole body” (note: only one body to go with all those animal and human heads) does not grow on the tree but instead grows on an island. Hmmm. When our only readily available source for an interesting bit of information is written so badly, we have a problem.
Its not easy stuff to deal with and it is still ongoing research so it’s tentative. Try a Google on the “Adne Sadeh”, Adrian. The wak wak tree may explain why we get a variant tradition in the western legend of the barnacle goose. It may also explain a number of points of similarity with the goose and wild man legend in Scotland, Ireland and Wales. This is one other late example of the Jewish myth http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Jv-pv47G5ZsC&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=barnacle+goose+bible&source=bl&ots=K3gbd62Leu&sig=OtsLJqBbUcLlJDNv3Zo2iTF_MWU&hl=en&ei=l29WSrWdAsOLjAfN96HCAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3#v=onepage&q=&f=false It is almost certainly related to the European wild man legend and may prove to have a connection not only with the barnacle but with myths that surround the orang-utan (this was a generic term for all species of monkey but increasingly refers to the chimp) as well. http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/3206.html But I have a lot more to do; it looks like the transmission route into Europe for the origin of the barnacle goose legend may be identical to that of the wild man. This is a late source for the wak wak it’s by no means the only one though.
Slightly OT. Depistions of the mohammed are, some muslims say, not allowed. Seems straneg that early muslims didn’t subscribe to this. http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/things/depictions-of-muhammad-examples.htm @Adrian Morgan …Scandinavian myth tells us of the creation of human beings. Humans were created by the Gods from trees, the first man and woman being called Askr and Embla respectively. Askr literally means ‘Ash’, Embla is more ambiguous. It could mean ‘elm’, or perhaps creeper/vine. But the important thing is that the ancestors are literally formed from two trees. http://www.traditionalharp.co.uk/Caer_Feddwyd/articles/ash%20tree.htm Not exactly the same of course. I have seen a similar tree with peoples heads on it such as the Zieba tree in European reference books. http://www.godecookery.com/mythical/mythic06.htm
there’s an island way out in the sea where the babies they all grow on trees and it’s jolly good fun to swing in the sun but ya gotta watch out if you sneeze sneeze ya gotta watch out if you sneeze yeah you gotta watch out if you sneeze for swinging up there in the breeze you’re liable to cough you might very well fall off and tumble down flop on your knees knees tumble down flop on your knees and when the stormy winds wail and the breeses blow high in a gale there’s a curious dropping and flopping and plopping and fat little babies just hail hail fat little babies just hail and the babies lie there in a pile and the grownups they come after while and they always pass by all the babies that cry and take on the babies that smile smile take on the babies that smile even triplets and twins if they’ll smile….. “The Baby Tree” by Rosalie Sorrels from “Blows Against the Empire” By Jefferson Starship aka The Planet Earth Rock and Roll Orchestra.
“Thousands of Barnacles, small and great Stick to the jolly old Ship of State; So we musn’t be cross if she seems to crawl- It’s rather a marvel she goes at all”
Thanks to Jeb and Chris for the extra information. To clarify, by “readily available source” I meant one that is accessible to an ordinary guy with an Internet connection and not much else.
Nice short textual history half way down the page here. Charts the origins of the wak wak from it’s first recording in a certain chinese encyclopedia of the 8th century along with some later Western sources. http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200504/the.seas.of.sindbad.htm
There’s also the mutton-tree of the Latin bestiaries, on which whole sheep were said to grow; apparently a misunderstanding of how Indians got their “wool” (i.e. cotton) from trees.
The vegtable lamb is one other intresting one. Mis- observation is often given as the origin of these beliefs but I do’t think it provides many answers with regard to the sheer popularity of these creatures and the widespread development of these myths. As the wak wak tree is the first printed pictorial representation in the Islamic world the barnacle goose is firmly established in literature and iconography with the invention of printing. It is an early and popular theme, with considerable mass appeal. As one 12th century member of the learned order noted with regard to the barnacle goose. “what public opinion asserts, philosophy indignantly denies”
Kit?b Ghar??ib al-fun?n wa-mulah? al-?uy?n’ (The Book of Curiosities of the Sciences and Marvels for the Eyes) http://bp1.blogger.com/_qTDAEasFLtU/RhVqD3PLYnI/AAAAAAAACn0/hJBNANRyNCA/s1600-h/Illustration+of+a+Waq+Waq+tree.jpg ” On the W?q-W?q Island, which is an island bordering on Sofalah, one of the Islands of the Zanj, there is a tree bearing fruits that look like women suspended by their hair as if by green cords. They have breasts, female sexual organs, and curvaceous bodies, and they scream ‘w?q w?q’. When one of them is cut off the tree, it falls down dead and does not talk any more. Their insides and outsides, their faces and their limbs, are entirely made of something resembling the down of a feather. ? When a person advances further into the island, he finds a tree with more attractive fruits with plumper posteriors, bosoms, genitalia, and faces, which scream louder than the ones described above. If this fruit is cut off, it survives for a day or part of a day before it stops talking and screaming. The person who cuts down this second type of fruit may sometimes have sexual intercourse with it and derive pleasure from it.” A rather nice digital version of the text with translation http://cosmos.bodley.ox.ac.uk/hms/mss_browse.php?expand=732,803,&act=swtab_readable