Essence 12 Aug 2009 Essence, (essentia, from esse, to be,) “the very being of anything, whereby it is what it is.” Locke. It is an ancient scholastic word, which cannot be really defined, and should be banished from use. [W. S. Jevons, Elementary Lessons in Logic, 1870: 335] The Locke quote is from the Essay Concerning Human Understanding, III.3.15. Just sayin’ … Metaphysics Quotes Quotes
Evolution Culpability and the Catholic Church 12 Apr 2010 The facts are no longer open to interpretation: not only bishops and archbishops, but the then head of the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith, AKA the Inquisition, knew and covered up rather than dealt with pedophiles in the priesthood, and enabled further abuse. Michael Ruse, long an accommodationist,… Read More
Evolution Evolution quotes 28 Apr 2010 We can allow satellites, planets, suns, universe, nay whole systems of universe of man to be governed by laws, but the smallest insect, we wish to be created at once by special act, provided with its instincts its place in nature, its range, its — &c &c: — must be… Read More
Epistemology Reduction and surprisal, or, why water is wet 8 Aug 201122 Jun 2018 In his classic work A System of Logic, which set up so many of the issues and problems of the modern field of the philosophy of science, John Stuart Mill wrote: Not a trace of the properties of hydrogen or of oxygen is observable in those of their compound, water…. Read More
For ancient scholastic word, it continues to see substantial modern usage. I wonder though, if some related old “useless” words are any more meaningful – such as haecceity, quiddity, hypokeimenon, and maybe even noumenon. Haecceity, at least to me, is a word that has no modern counterpart (“identity” is perhaps the closest).
Attempts to translate the scholastic vocab into English often show the vapidity of some of the terms: haeccity – thisness, qualia – how-it-is-to-be, quiddity – thatness. It is fairly clear to me that most of these terms are largely meaningless. Not because the schoalstics were stupid; far from it. They were trying to make use of Aristotelian hylomorphism to deal with aspects of the world. The problem lies in the metaphysics. It’s like the Trinitarian terminology: empty words that look deep to cover up the fact that the underlying ideas are incoherent. The problem with essence is twofold: 1. It is ambiguous. It can mean “what makes it what it is” or it can mean “necessary and sufficient definienda” or it can mean “necessary properties” and so on. These are all distinct issues and ideas. 2. It is basically elaborated folk taxonomy; and as such has no deep meaning. The reason why we still use the term after Dalton is unclear to me. I think Russell must bear a lot of the blame. Hegel too, but as he’s much earlier we can allow him some slack. Not his followers. Heidegger should have been enclosed in a small room for life.
I agree on the ambiguity of essence – it could mean almost anything. Not so much on the other words, though. They may not be terribly useful words today, but still somewhat meaningful. Quiddity is vaguely type or class, haecceity is vaguely instance or identity. Hypokeimenon refers to the concept of a substance or set of properties that persist through change (I can’t think of a modern counterpart offhand). And we’ll have to disagree on qualia – probably the most often used after essence. The meaning is fairly clear to me, at least as it is used today.
“Trope” might be roughly what Hypokeimenon means in modern metaphysics. As to qualia, the entire argument for their existence seems to me to rely on “I know what it is but I can’t put it into words”. To me that spells word salad. The other terms: haeccity and quiddity. Yes they are vague but useful, but a proper analysis results in their being about distinctness and differentiation, indexing, and as you say, identity. They can be replaced without loss. But, and I state this forcefully, I am not a metaphysician, nor do I play one on the internet. I am only concerned with the metaphysics needed to account for science, and in particular, biology, which makes my concerns a lot smaller than the real thing.